Travel Compliance Knowledge Base

183 Day Rule

The 183-day rule helps to clarify tax liability abroad — comply with local requirements.

A1 certification (automation)

An automated A1 certification saves time and reduces errors.

A1 Certification Basics

The A1 certificate regulates social security abroad and avoids double contributions.

A1 certificate for Switzerland

A1 certificate for postings between Germany and Switzerland: authorities, the ALPS portal and personal scope.

Business travelComplianceWorkation

Apply for A1 certification

A1 certificate: Apply online quickly and easily.

Business travelWorkation

A1 certificate via SV-Meldeportal

A1 certificate: Simply apply online via app.sv-meldeportal.de.

A1 certificate for the USA

There is no A1 certificate for the USA — instead the Certificate of Coverage D/USA 101 applies.

A1 certification: When is it necessary?

Proof of social security for EU business trips — mandatory for workers abroad

A1 certificate summary

The A1 certificate avoids double contributions and protects against heavy fines abroad.

Business travel

A1 certificates for Business Trips

All important information about the A1 certificate for business trips.

Workation

A1 certificates for workations

All information about A1 certificates for remote work abroad.

Working from India: A1 Equivalent & Visa

There is no A1 certificate for India — instead the DE/IN 101 posting certificate (48-month limit) plus usually an e-Business Visa (180 days) apply.

Labor Law

Labor law protects employees and regulates fair conditions.

WorkationCompliance

Permanent Establishments & Payroll Tax

When does a permanent establishment arise? And how can companies detect and manage the risks?

Establishment risk

Why international activities can lead to tax liability and the solution for this.

WorkationCompliance

Permanent Establishment Risk on Workations

Workation and Permanent Establishment Risk: When does foreign tax liability arise?

Business Visa vs. Work Permit

Learn everything about Business Visa vs. Work Permit

Certificate of Coverage

Proof of continued home-country social security coverage outside the EU – e.g. D/USA 101 (Germany-USA) or CA9107 (UK).

Business travelComplianceWorkation

Company Offsite Abroad

A1 certificates, permanent establishment risk, accident insurance and entry rules for company offsites abroad.

Digital Nomad Visa

Work and travel: Digital Nomad visas make it possible to work in different countries.

WorkationComplianceBusiness travel

Malaysia Digital Nomad Visa (DE Rantau)

DE Rantau Pass: requirements, cost and the 182-day tax threshold — but no exemption from German social security.

WorkationComplianceBusiness travel

Thailand Digital Nomad Visa (DTV)

Destination Thailand Visa (DTV): requirements, cost and the 180-day tax threshold – no social security agreement with Germany.

Canada Digital Nomad Visa

Canada has no dedicated digital nomad visa: eTA/visitor status plus the business-visitor exemption R186(a), social security via the Germany-Canada agreement instead of an A1 certificate.

New Zealand Digital Nomad Visa

New Zealand has no dedicated digital nomad visa but allows remote work on the visitor visa/NZeTA since 2025 – no Germany-New Zealand social security agreement exists.

Germany Digital Nomad Visa

Germany has no dedicated digital nomad visa – freelancers use Section 21(5) of the Residence Act, employees the EU Blue Card, short stays the Schengen 90/180-day rule.

Australia has no dedicated digital nomad visa: short-stay visas prohibit paid work, the Working Holiday visa 417 is capped at ages 18–35 – social security runs via AU/DE 101 instead of an A1 certificate.

Double Taxation Agreement (DTA)

DBAs prevent double taxation and encourage international investment.

ComplianceBusiness travelWorkation

U.S. Entry Requirements 2025

Learn about the current entry requirements in the USA.

Business travelComplianceWorkation

Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA)

Everything you need to know about entering the UK.

Business travelWorkation

Electronic A1 certificate for cross-border workers

The electronic A1 certificate has been valid for cross-border commuters since February 1, 2025.

Posted WorkersBusiness travel

Posting vs. Business Trip

What is a posting? Understand the difference to business travel, A1 certificate rules & more.

Posting to Greece

Dispatch to Greece: Legally compliant and seamless.

Posting to Denmark

Posting to Finland

Reporting to the Regional State Administrative Agency Finland — simple and legally secure.

Posting to Hungary

EU EES & ETIAS

Find out more about the new EU entry requirements from 2025/26.

EU Posted Workers Directive

PWD made easy: Automated solutions for quick and accurate EU secondment notifications.

Posted WorkersBusiness travel

EU eDeclaration Portal

The European Union has announced the launch of a central EU eDeclaration Portal.

EU social security number: does it exist?

Why there is no unified EU social security number and how national numbers are coordinated via the A1 certificate.

Compliance

G35 Examination

Find out more about the G35 preventive examination.

WorkationCompliance

EU framework agreement on cross-border telework

The EU framework agreement lets employers keep social security in the state of employment when telework abroad is 25–49% of working time.

OECD model agreement

The OECD model agreement makes it easier to avoid double taxation

Posted WorkersComplianceBusiness travel

Posted Worker Explained

Definition, PWD legal basis, and the difference vs. the A1 certificate – explained.

Business travelPosted WorkersCompliance

Posted Workers Directive and Equal Pay

The Posting of Workers Directive ensures equal working conditions in the EU.

Travel and Health Protection on International Postings

Everything about the duty of care and international health insurance for assignments abroad.

German social security number

Structure, check digit and relevance of the German social security number for A1 certificates and postings.

Social security agreement

Agreement secures social benefits for international employment.

Permanent Home (DTA Tie-Breaker)

Permanent home under Article 4 OECD-MA: the first stage of the DTA tie-breaker cascade for dual residency.

Business travel

Tax Residency in Cross-Border Postings

How to avoid double taxation abroad: Tax residency